Statements and Control Constructs

or any of the following control constructs:

• If statement
  (<expression>) <statement1> [else <statement2>]

  where if the condition <expression> evaluates to true (non-zero), <statement1> is executed, or to false (zero), <statement2> is executed, if present.

• Switch statement
  ( <expression>) <statement>

  most commonly written as:

  • switch (<expression>) {
  • case <e: <stmt
  • case <e: <stmt
  • case <e: <stmt
  • default: <stmt
  • }

  which evaluates the <expression>, which must be of integer type, and branches to the first matching case label, <e, which must be of constant integer type, where execution continues through the remaining statement list in the switch.

• While loop
  ( <expression> ) <statement>

  which repeatedly evaluates the condition <expression>, and if true, executes the <statement>. If the condition is false, the while statement terminates.

• For loop
  (<expr1>; <expr2>; <expr3>) <statement>

  which evaluates <expr1>, then repeatedly evaluates the condition, <expr2>, and if true executes <statement> followed by evaluating <expr3>. If the condition is false, the for statement terminates.

• Do while loop

  • <statement>
  • while (<expression>); which repeatedly executes <statement> followed by the condition <expression> as long as the condition is true.

• Function return
  [<expression>];

  to return from a function.

• Break statement
  ;

  used in switch and looping statements to immediately terminate the control construct.

• Continue statement
  ;

  used in loop constructs to immediately terminate the loop body statement and re-evaluate the condition.